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Published: September 8, 2025
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Inside Outbreaks: Malaria in New Jersey & Screwworm in Maryland
In this episode of Thermometer HQ, Inside Outbreaks, Dr. Jay Varma and Dr. Jon Epstein examine two unusual and concerning outbreaks: the first locally transmitted malaria case in New Jersey since 1991, and the first confirmed human screwworm infection in Maryland. Both raise important questions about how diseases spread—and whether U.S. public health systems are ready.
Malaria in New Jersey
- A Morris County resident was diagnosed with malaria despite having no recent international travel.
- Officials are testing mosquitoes in the area for Anopheles, the species capable of transmitting malaria.
- Locally acquired malaria is rare in the U.S., but warming climates, global travel, and persistent mosquito populations mean the risk cannot be ignored.
- Transmission can occur through mosquito bites, blood transfusion, or unsafe injection practices. Experts also note the possibility of infected mosquitoes hitchhiking on airplanes, as seen in the U.S. introduction of West Nile virus in 1999.
- Public health officials stress that while the risk remains low, prevention measures—like eliminating standing water, using insect repellent, and covering exposed skin—are important to reduce mosquito-borne illnesses.
Screwworm Infection in Maryland
- A traveler returning from Central America was diagnosed with screwworm, a parasitic infestation caused by fly larvae that burrow into flesh.
- The case was initially confirmed on August 4 but not publicly disclosed until weeks later, raising concerns about transparency.
- Screwworm is primarily a threat to livestock. If it became established in U.S. herds, it could devastate the cattle industry.
- At least 40 human cases have been reported in Mexico this year, signaling the parasite’s northward movement.
- USDA and HHS are urgently expanding prevention measures, including building a sterile fly production facility in Texas to help suppress screwworm populations.
Why This Matters
These outbreaks highlight the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. Locally acquired malaria underscores the risks of climate-driven mosquito expansion, while screwworm shows how international animal health problems can threaten food security and public health.
Both events are reminders of why early detection, transparency, and strong public health infrastructure are critical.
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